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Porcs Press

  • Intestinal health: organic acids and pure botanicals can be extremely useful

    The impact that a molecule can have on animal metabolism and physiological functions is strictly linked to different modes of action of the molecule itself. These activities must be studied and well known to use the nutrition favoring both animal health and production effectively.
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  • Thymol as an Adjuvant to Restore Antibiotic Efficacy and Reduce Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Gene Expression in Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Strains

    The aim of this study was to investigate the potential adjuvant effect of thymol to re-establish antibiotic efficacy against highly resistant ETEC field strains. Secondly, we evaluated the modulation of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes.
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  • Dual Antimicrobial Effect of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids against an Italian Multidrug Resistant Brachyspira hyodysenteriae Strain

    In this study we tested four antibiotics (tylosin, lincomycin, doxycycline, and tiamulin) and medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA; hexanoic, octanoic, decanoic, and dodecanoic acid) against an Italian field strain of B. hyodysenteriae and the ATCC 27164 strain as reference.
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  • Phenol-Rich Botanicals Modulate Oxidative Stress and Epithelial Integrity in Intestinal Epithelial Cells

    The aim of this study was to screen the activity of different sources of phenol compounds on intestinal oxidation and barrier integrity in vitro.
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  • Assessing intestinal health. In vitro and ex vivo gut barrier models of farm animals: benefits and limitations

    The concept of “gut health" is not well defined, but this concept has begun to play a very important role in the field of animal science. However, a clear definition of GIT health and the means by which to measure it are lacking. In vitro and ex vivo models can facilitate these studies, creating well-controlled and repeatable conditions to understand how to improve animal gut health.
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  • Development of an in vitro model to study intestinal integrity during an E. coli K88 challenge

    Post-weaning diarrhoea is а striking issue of the pig industry and its onset is primarily associated with Escherichia coli К88 (Е. coli). То assess the effectiveness of bioactives in preventing the damages exerted bу the pathogen, the aim of this study was to set-up an in vitro model to mimic an Е. coli challenge on intestinal cells.
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  • From acidifiers to intestinal health enhancers: how organic acids can improve growth efficiency of pigs

    Organic acids have been used for a long time to support pig growth particularly at weaning, and more recently have become the number one alternative to growth promoters to improve the production efficiency of pigs.
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  • Evaluation of microencapsulated organic acids and botanicals on growth performance of nursery and growing-finishing pigs

    Providing microencapsulated organic acids and botanicals during the nursery phase increased G:F in the early and overall nursery phase, but there was no effect on overall wean-to-finish performance.
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  • Single components of botanicals and nature-identical compounds as a non-antibiotic strategy to ameliorate health status and improve performance in poultry and pigs

    The use of NIC allows us to properly combine pure compounds, according to the target to achieve. Thus, they represent a promising non-antibiotic tool to allow better intestinal health and general health status, thereby leading to improved growth performance.
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  • Thymol and Carvacrol Downregulate the Expression of Salmonella typhimurium Virulence Genes during an In Vitro Infection on Caco-2 Cells

    A real-time PCR study highlighted a significant downregulation of the main virulence genes of Salmonella (hilA, prgH, invA, sipA, sipC, sipD, sopB, sopE2). These findings indicate that thymol and carvacrol could be good candidates for the control of Salmonella typhimurium in pigs.
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  • Thymol modulates the endocannabinoid system and gut chemosensing of weaning pigs

    The purposes of this study were to investigate the presence of markers of the endocannabinoid system and the chemosensing system in the pig gut and, second, to determine if thymol modulates these markers.
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  • Cannabinoid and Cannabinoid-Related Receptors in the Myenteric Plexus of the Porcine Ileum

    The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has opened the door to novel therapeutical approaches targeting cancer, pain, anxiety, stress, and inflammatory diseases. The ECS is ubiquitously expressed in almost all members of Animalia, but its precise localization outside the central nervous system is still under investigation.
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  • Tributyrin differentially regulates inflammatory markers and modulates goblet cells number along the intestinal tract segments of weaning pigs

    Butyric acid is widely used in pig production as feed additive to improve growth performance at weaning, based on its intestinal health-promoting action. The aim of this study was to evaluate the intestinal architecture and expression of inflammatory cytokines and tight junctions (TJ) markers in weaning piglets fed with tributyrin, either free or microencapsulated, as dietary source of butyric acid.
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  • Dietary inclusion of low doses of microencapsulated zinc oxide affects inflammatory cytokine and tight junction protein expression in the ileum of piglets

    Aim of this study was to investigate the expression of inflammation markers and tight junctions protein (TJ) in the ileum of piglets fed with low doses of microencapsulated zinc oxide (ZnO; Zincoret, Vetagro SpA, Italy) in comparison with either a pharmaceutical dose of free ZnO (positive control) or a negative control.
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  • Microencapsulated lysine and low-protein diets: effects on performance, carcass characteristics and nitrogen excretion in heavy growing -finishing pigs

    Two studies were conducted to assess the effects of dietary protein and Lys reduction on growth performance, carcass quality, N excretion, and plasma N profile in growing-finishing pigs from 35 to 180 kg.
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  • Low doses of microencapsulated zinc oxide improve performance and modulate the ileum architecture, inflammatory cytokines and tight junctions expression of weaned pigs

    The aim of this study was to compare low doses of microencapsulated v. pharmacological ZnO in the diet of piglets on growth performance, ileum health status and architecture.
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  • In vitro effects of some organic acids on swine cecal microflora

    The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different organic acids on bacterial growth and ammonia production by swine cecal microflora in an in vitro fermentation system.
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  • An organic acid blend can modulate swine intestinal fermentation and reduce microbial proteolysis

    The increased use of slow-release organic acids in swine nutrition has prompted more research to assess their possible role in modulating the intestinal microflora as an alternative to antibiotics.
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  • Low dose of microencapsulated zinc oxide increases growth performance and reduces fecal zinc level in weanling pigs

    Zinc is one of the most important trace elements in animal nutrition because it ensures the activity of several enzymes involved in cellular signalling, digestion, cellular respiration, and nucleic acid metabolism...
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  • Impact of dietary organic acids and botanicals on intestinal integrity and inflammation in weaned pigs

    Organic acids, such as citric and sorbic acid, and pure plant-derived constituents, like monoterpens and aldehydes, have a long history of use in pig feeding as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters. However, their effects on the intestinal barrier function and inflammation have never been investigated.
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  • Feed additives can improve piglets performance during the weaning period

    Weaning is a physiological and unavoidable period in mammals life but, at the same time, it is extremely stressful. There are several stressors in animal life at this age, both psychosocial and physical: separation from the sow and the littermate, dietary and environmental change, a new social hierarchy with unknown piglets.
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  • Evaluation of the effectiveness of supplementing micro-encapsulated organic acids and essential oils in diets for sows and suckling piglets

    This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of microencapsulated organic acids and essential oils (MOE) on reproductive performance, nutrient digestibility, piglet diarrhoea score, and blood profiles in sows and suckling piglets.
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  • Effect of microencapsulated blends of organic acids and essential oils supplementation on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in finishing pigs

    Background: positive effects of organic acids and essential oils (MOE) on livestock are well documented. Microencapsulation allows the slow release of core materials in a specific moment or environment.
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  • Post weaning diarrhea in piglets: how can we manage the problem with the upcoming ban of ZnO at pharmacological level?

    Intestinal health is a concern for everybody working in pig production. Enteric diseases are an often seen problem in raising piglets that can cause severe economic losses and reduced piglet performance.
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  • Intestinal metabolism of weaned piglets fed a typical United States or European diet with or without supplementation of tributyrin and lactitol

    The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of supplementation of a microencapsulated blend of tributyrin and lactitol (TL) to a standard European (EU) diet without antibiotic growth promoters on intestinal metabolism and mucosa development of weaned piglets and to compare it with a standard US diet containing animal proteins, zinc oxide, copper sulfate, and carbadox.
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  • Tributyrin and lactitol synergistically enhanced the trophic status of the intestinal mucosa and reduced histamine levels in the gut of nursery pigs

    At 28 d after birth, the piglets were weighed and allotted into four groups and fed a standard nonmedicated diet (control) or the control diet with tributyrin (butanoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester; 10 g/kg), or with lactitol (β-Dgalactopyranosyl-(1→4)-D-sorbitol; 3 g/kg), or with tributyrin (10 g/kg) plus lactitol (3 g/kg).
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  • Microencapsulated Sorbic Acid and Pure Botanicals Affect Salmonella Typhimurium Shedding in Pigs: A Close-Up Look from Weaning to Slaughter in Controlled and Field Conditions

    The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a combination of sorbic acid, thymol, and carvacrol in reducing the prevalence and shedding level of Salmonella Typhimurium in pigs either in a controlled challenge environment or in a production setting.
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  • Lipid microencapsulation allows slow release of organic acids and natural identical flavors along the swine intestine

    The purpose of the present work was to investigate the in vivo concentrations of sorbic acid and vanillin as markers of the fate of organic acids (OA) and natural identical flavors (NIF) from a microencapsulated mixture and from the same mixture non-microencapsulated, and the possible consequences on the intestinal microbial fermentation.
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  • Effects of microencapsulated complex of organic acids and essential oils on growth performance, nutrient retention, blood profiles, fecal microflora, and lean meat percentage in weaning to finishing pigs

    A total of 90 pigs (6.47 ± 0.27 kg; 21 d of age) were used in this 22 wk feeding trial to evaluate the effect of microencapsulated complex of organic acids and essential oils (MOE) on growth performance, nutrient retention, blood profile, fecal microflora, and lean meat percentage in pigs.
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  • Feeding a microencapsulated blend of organic acids and nature identical compounds to weaning pigs improved growth performance and intestinal metabolism

    One-hundred and seventy weaning pigs were divided in two groups, and housed in 34 pens (17 replicates, 5 pigs each). Piglets received a basal diet without (control diet, CTR) or with the addition of a microencapsulated blend of organic acids and nature identical compounds at 3 kg/ton (AviPlus®, EP1391155B1, Vetagro SpA, Italy).
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  • Effect of supplemented microencapsulated zinc oxide and organic acids and pure botanicals on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, feces microflora, and zinc level of feces in weanling pigs

    A total of 125 crossbred pigs with initial body weight (BW) of 7.66 ± 1.30 kg were randomly distributed into one of five dietary treatments. Each treatment had five replicate pens with five pigs per pen.
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  • How AviPlus®S can help animals during stressful periods

    Despite common use, stress is medically defined as the functional response of an organism to any kind of stimulus (stressor, that can be of any intensity and duration). Stressors can have different nature and alter the physiological equilibrium of the organism.
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  • Nature-Identical Compounds and Organic Acids Reduce E. coli K88 Growth and Virulence Gene Expression In Vitro

    Post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD) is one of the long-standing challenges in pig husbandry. Due to the risks of resistance caused by antibiotics (AB) misuse, conventional treatments against Escherichia coli K88 (E. coli K88), the PWD etiological agent, urgently need to be replaced. Organic acids (OA) and nature-identical compounds (NIC) are currently finding a central role in infection management thanks to their recognized antimicrobial activity.
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  • Towards zero zinc oxide: feeding strategies to manage post-weaning diarrhea in piglets

    This article reviews the utilization of ZnO in piglets, the biological rationale behind its powerful activity, and the emerging threats that are leading towards a significant reduction in its use. Finally, a wide analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of innovative alternative strategies to manage PWD at the nutritional level is given.
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